/265224.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
4/1/2005
NM Guide:
$7.00
No copies available
| Matt Baker issue; FCA #106; B&W |
/353726.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$7.00
No copies available
| Reprints; B&W; ca. 2002 |
/289981.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$7.00
1 copy available for $7.00
| Reprints from Fight Comics #50, Planet Comics, Jungle Comics; ca. 2006 |
/292004.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$7.00
2 copies available from $7.00
| Reprints from Buccaneers #27,, Rangers Comics #37, Warfront #34, Kerry Drake #14, 28, First Romance #45, and Monster of Frankenstein #30; ca. 2006 |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1954
NM Guide:
$65.00
No copies available
| Vic Flint |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1995
NM Guide:
$5.25
3 copies available from $1.99
| B&W |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/2008
NM Guide:
$6.50
1 copy available for $6.50
| Collects Stories from Jumbo Comics #8, 30, 48, 58, 74, 79, 90, 93, 100, 148, & Sheena #12 |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/2009
NM Guide:
$18.99
1 copy available for $18.99
| Includes stories from Jumbo Comics #31, 51, 81, 84, 87, 92, 99 ,107, 131 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$8.50
1 copy available for $9.99
| B&W; ca. 1996 |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1956
NM Guide:
$22.00
No copies available
| Final Issue |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/2013
NM Guide:
$28.99
No copies available
| Reprints Canteen Kate stories from Anchors Andrews #1, Fightin’ Marines #2-9, Canteen Kate #1-3 and“The Colonel’s Daughter" from Fightin’ Marines #15; Published by Canton Street Press |
|
Cover Date:
9/20/2006
NM Guide:
$24.95
No copies available
| |
/199621.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1946
NM Guide:
$370.00
1 copy available for $51.00
| |
/141804.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$51.00
1 copy available for $7.00
| 2nd printing; HRN #53 |
/5368.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$41.00
No copies available
| 3rd printing; HRN #85 |
/222514.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1954
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| 4th printing; HRN #118 |
/141109.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$26.00
No copies available
| 5th printing; HRN #138 |
/40232.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$23.00
No copies available
| 6th printing; HRN #150 |
/87700.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$10.00
No copies available
| 7th printing; HRN #165 |
/258484.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1964
NM Guide:
$10.00
No copies available
| 8th printing; HRN #167 |
/240658.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1965
NM Guide:
$10.00
No copies available
| 9th printing; HRN #167 |
/115321.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$10.00
1 copy available for $1.25
| 10th printing; HRN #166 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$19.95
No copies available
| Foreword by R. Crumb; ca. 2007 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$10.00
2 copies available from $9.95
| |
|
Cover Date:
6/1/1952
NM Guide:
$50.00
No copies available
| |
/230183.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1984
NM Guide:
$2.00
8 copies available from $0.80
| Flamingo |
/109158.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| Reprints stories from Seven Seas; South Sea Girl reprint; Tugboat Tessie; Captain Cutlass; ca. 1964 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$4.75
2 copies available from $2.50
| |
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1945
NM Guide:
$330.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1945
NM Guide:
$320.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
6/1/1945
NM Guide:
$220.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1945
NM Guide:
$220.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1945
NM Guide:
$285.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1945
NM Guide:
$195.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1946
NM Guide:
$270.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1946
NM Guide:
$200.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
6/1/1946
NM Guide:
$190.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1946
NM Guide:
$200.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1946
NM Guide:
$175.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1947
NM Guide:
$175.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1947
NM Guide:
$125.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1947
NM Guide:
$125.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1949
NM Guide:
$225.00
1 copy available for $150.00
| |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1952
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1951
NM Guide:
$200.00
No copies available
| #15 on cover; Numbering continued from The Texan |
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1951
NM Guide:
$145.00
No copies available
| 1st Appearance of Canteen Kate |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1951
NM Guide:
$140.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1952
NM Guide:
$110.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
6/1/1952
NM Guide:
$215.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1952
NM Guide:
$90.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1952
NM Guide:
$90.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1952
NM Guide:
$90.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
5/1/1955
NM Guide:
$75.00
No copies available
| Rare; Charlton begins publishing |
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1999
NM Guide:
$18.00
No copies available
| Introduction by Carla Sinclair; 142 pages |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$10.00
No copies available
| Reprints Golden Age stories; Collects Phantom Lady #13-15, All-Top Comics #8 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$10.00
No copies available
| Reprints; B&W |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$10.00
No copies available
| Reprints; Fighting Females Strike Back!; B&W; ca. 1996 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$9.50
1 copy available for $9.99
| Reprints; B&W; ca. 1996 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$12.00
No copies available
| Reprints; B&W; ca. 1999 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$24.95
1 copy available for $24.95
| Reprints from Exciting Comics #52, 66, Golden Lad #2, Black Terror #25, Captain Flash #1, Daredevil (Lev Gleason) #47, Fighting Yank #26, Golden-Age Greats Bk #8, Zoot Comics #13; B&W |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$29.95
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$29.95
No copies available
| Girls Strike Back |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$29.95
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$29.95
2 copies available from $29.95
| |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1990
NM Guide:
$14.50
No copies available
| New & reprints |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1990
NM Guide:
$27.00
1 copy available for $9.00
| Fall 1990 |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1991
NM Guide:
$6.50
1 copy available for $6.99
| Winter 1991 |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1991
NM Guide:
$6.50
1 copy available for $6.99
| Spring 1991 |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1992
NM Guide:
$26.00
1 copy available for $18.00
| Winter 1992 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$70.00
No copies available
| Reprints from Phantom Lady #15 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$13.00
No copies available
| Over-size; Trade paperback; 128 pages; Short bios of comic book artists; Includes bibliography; ca. 1986 |
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1996
NM Guide:
$49.00
1 copy available for $49.99
| Oversized trade paperback featuring women super-heroes from the 40s-90s |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1955
NM Guide:
$90.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1956
NM Guide:
$70.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1955
NM Guide:
$55.00
No copies available
| Reprints Hawk #2; Includes Statement of Ownership: Oct. 1, 1954 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$125.00
No copies available
| Digest-sized |
/326846.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
3/1/2007
NM Guide:
$15.00
No copies available
| Reprints It Rhymes With Lust published by St. John in 1950 |
/89976.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1959
NM Guide:
$160.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$4.50
1 copy available for $3.00
| Reprints |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$5.50
1 copy available for $2.00
| Reprints |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$12.50
2 copies available from $11.50
| B&W |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$7.00
1 copy available for $5.99
| B&W |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$6.50
2 copies available from $4.75
| B&W |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1955
NM Guide:
$39.00
2 copies available from $11.00
| Painted cover; South America’s Gift to the World |
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1998
NM Guide:
$1.25
5 copies available from $1.25
| |
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1956
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1956
NM Guide:
$35.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$35.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1954
NM Guide:
$65.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1957
NM Guide:
$42.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
5/1/1958
NM Guide:
$42.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1958
NM Guide:
$42.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1958
NM Guide:
$42.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1959
NM Guide:
$42.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1959
NM Guide:
$42.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1959
NM Guide:
$36.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1959
NM Guide:
$36.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1959
NM Guide:
$36.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1961
NM Guide:
$36.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$29.99
1 copy available for $29.99
| Softcover; Trade paperback; Marvel Masterworks #57; Collects Tales to Astonish (Vol. 1) #1-10 |
|
Cover Date:
1/25/2006
NM Guide:
$54.99
No copies available
| Gray marble variant edition hardcover; Marvel Masterworks #57; Collects Tales to Astonish (Vol. 1) #1-10 |
|
Cover Date:
1/25/2006
NM Guide:
$49.99
No copies available
| Regular red cover; Collects Tales to Astonish (Vol. 1) #1-10 |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$7.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
10/10/2007
NM Guide:
$10.00
2 copies available from $10.00
| B&W |
|
Cover Date:
10/31/2007
NM Guide:
$10.00
1 copy available for $10.00
| B&W |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$10.00
2 copies available from $10.00
| B&W; ca. 2008 |
|
Cover Date:
11/15/2006
NM Guide:
$24.95
No copies available
| Golden-Age reprints |
/106810.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1947
NM Guide:
$350.00
No copies available
| |
/24064.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
6/1/1947
NM Guide:
$350.00
No copies available
| |
/68770.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1947
NM Guide:
$300.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1957
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1957
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1959
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
5/1/1959
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1959
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1959
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1959
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1960
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1971
NM Guide:
$35.00
No copies available
| Reprints from Love Romances #82, My Own Romance #74 |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1971
NM Guide:
$12.00
No copies available
| Reprints from Our Love Story #2, My Own Romance #71 |
/44838.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1959
NM Guide:
$20.00
No copies available
| |
/62569.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1948
NM Guide:
$175.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$3.00
No copies available
| Set of four unbound four-page signatures (16 pages total), each bearing a $0.75 price; Outer folder marked as $3.00 cover price |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1994
NM Guide:
$10.00
No copies available
| Adam Hughes cover and Pinups; Squarebound; Golden Age reprints from Phantom Lady #14, Phantom Lady #15, Phantom Lady #17, Phantom Lady #16, All-Top Comics #12, All-Top #9 |
/171678.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1947
NM Guide:
$2,600.00
No copies available
| Minit Mystery; Blue Beetle |
/19778.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1947
NM Guide:
$1,600.00
No copies available
| Minit Mystery |
/257883.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1947
NM Guide:
$3,800.00
No copies available
| |
/52036.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1948
NM Guide:
$1,600.00
No copies available
| |
/89403.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1948
NM Guide:
$3,300.00
No copies available
| Bondage cover |
/89325.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
6/1/1948
NM Guide:
$1,100.00
No copies available
| |
/117370.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1948
NM Guide:
$1,100.00
No copies available
| |
/150019.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1948
NM Guide:
$875.00
No copies available
| |
/89336.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1948
NM Guide:
$875.00
No copies available
| |
/27057.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1949
NM Guide:
$875.00
No copies available
| |
/114035.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1949
NM Guide:
$950.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1948
NM Guide:
$3.00
1 copy available for $0.25
| The Lost World; Mysta of the Moon; Auro Lord of Jupiter; Space Rangers; Futura; The Star Pirate |
|
Cover Date:
5/1/1948
NM Guide:
$3.00
1 copy available for $0.25
| The Lost World; Futura; Auro Lord of Jupiter; Space Rangers; The Star Pirate; Mysta of the Moon |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1948
NM Guide:
$3.00
1 copy available for $0.25
| The Lost World; Futura; Auro Lord of Jupiter; Space Rangers; The Star Pirate; Mysta of the Moon |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1948
NM Guide:
$3.00
1 copy available for $0.25
| The Lost World; Futura; Auro Lord of Jupiter; Space Rangers; The Star Pirate; Mysta of the Moon |
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1948
NM Guide:
$3.00
1 copy available for $0.25
| The Lost World; Futura; Auro Lord of Jupiter; Space Rangers; The Star Pirate; Mysta of the Moon |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1949
NM Guide:
$3.00
1 copy available for $0.25
| The Lost World; Futura; The Star Pirate; Auro Lord of Jupiter; Space Rangers; Mysta of the Moon |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1949
NM Guide:
$3.00
1 copy available for $0.25
| The Lost World; Futura; The Star Pirate; Auro Lord of Jupiter; Space Rangers; Mysta of the Moon |
|
Cover Date:
5/1/1956
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| Numbering continued from Cowboy Action |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1957
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1947
NM Guide:
$175.00
No copies available
| Firehair; Tiger Man; Sky Rangers; The Werewolf Hunter; Glory Forbes; Crusoe Island |
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1947
NM Guide:
$175.00
No copies available
| Firehair; The Werewolf Hunter; Tiger Man; Sky Rangers; Glory Forbes; Crusoe Island |
/195102.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1985
NM Guide:
$1.75
13 copies available from $0.50
| Reprints from Adventures Into Darkness #5 & #7, Fantastic Worlds #5 |
/254533.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$2.75
6 copies available from $1.75
| ca. 1986 |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1946
NM Guide:
$490.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$5.25
No copies available
| Reprints Sky Gal stories from Jumbo Comics #68, others plus new story; Some reprint |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$3.95
No copies available
| Reprints Sky Gal stories from Jumbo Comics plus new story; some reprint; some color |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$9.50
No copies available
| Reprints Sky Gal stories from Jumbo Comics plus new story; Some reprint; Some color |
/90426.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
5/1/1957
NM Guide:
$200.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$42.00
No copies available
| |
/52264.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
6/1/1959
NM Guide:
$80.00
No copies available
| Final issue of original run |
|
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$150.00
No copies available
| |
/170874.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1959
NM Guide:
$625.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$160.00
No copies available
| ca. 1951 |
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1953
NM Guide:
$125.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/2008
NM Guide:
$26.00
No copies available
| Includes B&W reproductions of 50’s comic art with photographs; 434 pages |
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1953
NM Guide:
$300.00
No copies available
| #6 in series; Rulah: Reprint from Zoot Comics #13a; Taranga; Jo-Jo: Reprint from Jo-Jo Comics #16 |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1954
NM Guide:
$300.00
No copies available
| Jo-Jo: Reprints from Jo-Jo Comics; Rulah: Reprint from Zoot Comics #14a |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1951
NM Guide:
$290.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
5/1/1951
NM Guide:
$50.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$10.00
No copies available
| Reprints from Planet Comics #26, 35, 36, 53 and 54; Some b&w |
|
Cover Date:
NM Guide:
$10.00
1 copy available for $10.00
| Reprints from Buster Brown Comic Book #31, Captain Science #4, Planet Comics #53 and 73, Space Adventures #16; ca. 1998 |
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1989
NM Guide:
$5.25
2 copies available from $3.99
| Sexy cover |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1951
NM Guide:
$200.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1951
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1951
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1952
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1952
NM Guide:
$80.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1953
NM Guide:
$60.00
No copies available
| |
/146783.jpg)
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1956
NM Guide:
$41.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1957
NM Guide:
$40.00
No copies available
| Kid Colt; Ringo Kid |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1944
NM Guide:
$110.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Skull Squad; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1945
NM Guide:
$110.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Skull Squad; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1945
NM Guide:
$110.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Skull Squad; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
3/1/1945
NM Guide:
$114.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Skull Squad; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1945
NM Guide:
$110.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Skull Squad; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
5/1/1945
NM Guide:
$110.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Skull Squad; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
6/1/1945
NM Guide:
$110.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Skull Squad; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
7/1/1945
NM Guide:
$110.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Skull Squad; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1945
NM Guide:
$110.00
No copies available
| Captain Wings; Greasemonkey Griffin; Skull Squad; Clipper Kirk |
|
Cover Date:
9/1/1945
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
10/1/1945
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| Captain Wings; Suicide Smith; Greasemonkey Griffin; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk |
|
Cover Date:
11/1/1945
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Captain Wings |
|
Cover Date:
12/1/1945
NM Guide:
$165.00
No copies available
| Captain Wings; Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin |
|
Cover Date:
1/1/1946
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| Captain Wings; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Suicide Smith |
|
Cover Date:
2/1/1946
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| Suicide Smith; Jane Martin; Clipper Kirk; Greasemonkey Griffin; Captain Wings; Ghost Patrol |
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1959
NM Guide:
$100.00
No copies available
| |
|
Cover Date:
8/1/1947
NM Guide:
$125.00
No copies available
| 1st appearance of Rulah; Origin of Rulah |
|
Cover Date:
4/1/1948
NM Guide:
$90.00
No copies available
| Numbering skips backwards in error |
|
Cover Date:
5/1/1948
NM Guide:
$430.00
No copies available
| Numbering skips backwards in error |